Tranquillity (also spelled tranquility[1][2]) is the quality of calm experienced in places with mainly natural features and activities, free from disturbance from man-made areas.
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Benefits
Psychological Psychology is the scientific study of human or other animal mental functions and behaviors. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist. Psychologists are classified as social or behavioral scientists. Psychological research can be considered either basic or applied. Psychologists attempt to understand the research has highlighted why tranquillity is important. Being in a tranquil place allows people to relax, to escape from the stresses and strains of everyday life and to “recharge their batteries”.
Enjoyment
For many, the chance to experience tranquillity is what makes the countryside different from cities. In a survey by the United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 58% of people said that tranquillity was the most positive feature of the countryside. Just as great art, design, and traditions allow us to enjoy our identity, so tranquillity allows us to see, hear, and feel the spectacular beauty of the natural world.
Health
According to the World Health Organisation The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health Organization, which had been an agency of the (WHO) mental illness such as depression is likely to be the primary cause of ill health by 2020.[5]In addition there is growing concern in many Western countries about obesity Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Body mass index , a measurement which compares weight and height, defines people as overweight (pre-obese) when their BMI is between 25 kg/m2 and 30.
Mounting evidence shows that exposure to nature contributes to physical and psychological well being. A review of over 100 studies into stress among 16-21 year-olds showed visiting natural environments to experience tranquility and solitude is an important stress-reliever.[6] Other studies have found that exposure to nature helps people recover from drug and alcohol addictions.[7]
Children who visit the countryside regularly are less likely to be obese and to suffer from attention-deficit disorder.[8]
Economic
Since seeking tranquillity is an important reason why many people visit the countryside, the presence of tranquil areas helps boost rural tourism. Since rural tourism in the UK directly supports 380,000 jobs and £13.8 billion annually to the economy, and a recent survey showed that tranquillity is the main reason why 49% of visitors go are attracted to the countryside, one can conclude that tranquillity is worth 186,200 jobs and £6.76 billion a year to the economy.[9]
Computer science
In computer science, tranquility is a status in which software entities must reside, before their implementation can be safely altered dynamically. Tranquility, as a status, was first introduced in 2006, by Vandewoude and Ebraert. They implemented tranquility on the level of software components.
Mapping tranquillity
2007 Tranquillity map of England. Green areas denote very tranquil areas, whereas red areas deonte areas with much less tranquillity.The first method of mapping tranquillity was developed by Simon Rendel of ASH Consulting for a Department of Transport study in 1991. This led to the production of a set of Tranquil Area maps covering England, produced by Rendel and ASH Consulting and published by the Campaign to Protect Rural England (CPRE) and the former Countryside Commission The Countryside Commission was a statutory body in England and Wales, and later in England only. Its forerunner, the National Parks Commission, was established in 1949 by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 to co-ordinate government activity in relation to National Parks.
In these maps tranquil areas were defined as places sufficiently far from the visual or noise intrusion of development or traffic to be considered unspoilt by urban influences.
More sophisticated mapping techniques are now available following work by researchers at Northumbria University Northumbria University is a research-engaged and business-focussed academic institution located in Newcastle upon Tyne in North East England. It is a member of the University Alliance- which represents the majority voice in British Higher Education, educating 26% of all students. Northumbria attracts 35000 students from 140 countries making it the, Newcastle University Newcastle University is a major research-intensive university located in Newcastle upon Tyne in the north-east of England. It was established as a School of Medicine and Surgery in 1834 and became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne by an Act of Parliament in August 1963. Newcastle University is a member of the Russell Group, a prestigious, and CPRE.
Maps have been produced for the whole of England The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant that show the tranquillity score of Ordnance Survey Ordnance Survey is an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. It is the national mapping agency for Great Britain, and one of the world's largest producers of maps. The name reflects the original military purpose of the organisation in mapping Britain during the Napoleonic Wars when there was a threat of invasion from France, and its Grid derived 500mx500m squares. The tranquillity rating for these is based on 44 different factors that add to or detract from people’s feelings of tranquillity.[3] These factors were defined following extensive public consultations.[4]
The new methodology uses advanced modelling techniques to look at the diffusion of the impact of these factors over distance, taking into account the terrain of the land. For example, the tranquillity increases gradually the further one is from a busy road, but increases more sharply if the road is hidden in a cutting.
The mapping process was developed by Northumbria and Newcastle Universities. The dark green areas represent those with the highest composite tranquillity score; dark red areas have the lowest composite tranquillity score (i.e., are least tranquil).
Stimuli with positive impacts on tranquillity
- a natural landscape, including woodland
- presence of rivers, streams, lakes or the sea
- birds and other wildlife
- wide open spaces
Examples of stimuli having negative impacts on tranquillity
- Motorised transport Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations: cars An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the, motorcycle, trains A train is a connected series of vehicles for rail transport that move along a track to transport freight or passengers from one place to another. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway and aircraft An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines – and roads A road is an identifiable thoroughfare, route, way or path between two places which may or may not be available for use by the public; public roads, especially major roads connecting significant destinations are termed highways. Modern roads are normally smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel although historically many roads and railways Rail transport is the means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on. Track usually consists of steel rails installed on sleepers/ties and ballast, on
- light pollution Such an approach confuses the cause and its result, however. Pollution is the adding-of/added light itself, in analogy to added sound, CO2 etc. Adverse consequences are multiple, some of them may be not known yet. Real definitions are to be, therefore, like:
- towns A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size a settlement must be in order to be called a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many American "small towns" seem to British people to be no more than villages, while many British "small towns&, cities A city is a relatively large and permanent urban settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law and villages A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet with the population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousands , Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods, such as the West Village in Manhattan, New York City and the Saifi Village in Beirut, Lebanon,
- large numbers A crowd is a large and definable group of people, while "the crowd" is referred to as the so-called lower orders of people in general . A crowd may be definable through a common purpose or set of emotions, such as at a political rally, at a sports event, or during looting, or simply be made up of many people going about their business in of people
- pylons An electricity pylon or transmission tower is a tall structure, usually a steel lattice tower, used to support overhead electricity conductors for electric power transmission. They are used in high voltage AC and DC systems as well as railway traction, and come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Typical height ranges from 15 to 55 metres (49, power lines Electric power transmission or "high voltage electric transmission" is the bulk transfer of electrical energy, from generating plants to substations located near to population centers. This is distinct from the local wiring between high voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electricity distribution, masts and wind turbines A wind turbine is a rotary device that extracts energy from the wind. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as for pumping water, cutting lumber or grinding stones, the machine is called a windmill. If the mechanical energy is instead converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator, wind turbine, wind
- audio noise In common use, the word noise means unwanted sound or noise pollution. In electronics noise can refer to the electronic signal corresponding to acoustic noise or the electronic signal corresponding to the (visual) noise commonly seen as 'snow' on a degraded television or video image. In signal processing or computing it can be considered data
Note: Tranquillity is not the absence of all noise, activity and buildings. Research has found that many rural activities, such as farming and hiking, and natural noises such as birdsong and cows lowing, enhance people’s experience of tranquillity.
See also
Spiritual benefits
- Passaddhi In Buddhism, passaddhi refers to tranquillity of the body, speech, thoughts and consciousness on the path to enlightenment. As part of cultivated mental factors, passaddhi is preceded by rapture and precedes concentration (samādhi) - tranquillity as part of the Buddhist spiritual path.
- Upeksa Upekkhā , is the Buddhist concept of equanimity. The Tibetan equivalent is བཏང་སྙོམས་ btang snyoms. This is a purifying mental state cultivated through meditation on the Buddhist path to prajñā (wisdom) and bodhi (enlightenment). The analogous term in Greek philosophy is ataraxia
Notes
- ^ World Health Report 2001 & 2002
- ^ Institute for Health Research Lancaster University Climbing trees and building dens: Mental health and wellbeing in young adults
- ^ Kennedy, 1993, cited in Morris, N, Health, Well-being and Open Space, Literature review. Open Space, 2003. And Bennet LW, Cardone S, Jarczyk J, Effects of a therapeutic camping program on addiction recovery. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 15, 1998.
- ^ Bird W, presentation to CABE Health Week conference, May 2006 and Faber Taylor A, Kuo F, Sullivan C, “Coping with ADD: the surprising connection to green play settings” Environment and Behaviour Vol 33 No 1, 54-77, 2001.
- ^ Original figures from The Rural Strategy 2004, DEFRA The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is the government department responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in the United Kingdom. Concordats set out agreed frameworks for co-operation between it and the Scottish Government, the Cabinet of the National
- ^ [1], retrieved on 09-18-2007.
- ^ [2], retrieved on 09-18-2007.
- ^ [3] Presentation given by Andrew Oliver on Tranquillity to the University of Surrey, retrieved 2 Nov 2007
- ^ [4] Saving Tranquil Places, CPRE report on Tranquillity, retrieved 2 Nov 2007
Categories: Environmental psychology Categories: Branches of psychology | Environment | Urban studies and planning
Tue, 20 Jul 2010 05:47:29 GMT+00:00
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Q. Could someone please give me a list of how you get all the rainbows in harvest moon tree of tranquility for wii. I'm having the hardest time finding them and any information would be helpful. Thankyou :)
Asked by Holla - Wed Jan 14 18:39:23 2009 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments
A. Oh I remember that game. If I remembered right, if you talk to them they will tell you what they need and you can always check the menu for their recipes and here is a site that help you with finding the items.
Answered by Ben - Wed Jan 14 18:57:32 2009
